Geographic Information Systems (Gis) - 2537 Words

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) AND TERRORIST ATTACKS OF OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING AND THE WORLD TRADE CENTER Submitted To Mark Stallo School of Graduate Studies Of Tiffin University In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the graduate course Geographic Information Systems ENF 622 In the School of Criminal Justice Summer Quarter 2006 by Oscar Young Geographic Information Systems (GIS) And Terrorist Attacks Of Oklahoma City Bombing And The World Trade Center History of GIS GIS is a way of organizing large amounts of geographic information. It is not a tool, a software, a hardware or a specific image; it is a concept--a way of understanding maps (http://cnx.org/content/m13693/latest).†¦show more content†¦The attack, which occurred on April 19, 1995, destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, a U.S. office complex in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. This attack is considered to be the deadliest domestic terrorist attack in the history of the United States, and, until September 11, 2001, the deadliest attack of terrorism within U.S. borders, but not the worst against the U.S. (the worst act of terrorism against the U.S. before the Oklahoma City bombing was Pam Am Flight 103) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Oklahoma_City_bombing). By being the first major American city to suffer a mass-casualty terrorist attack, Oklahoma Citys response to the bombing was carefully scrutinized by security experts and law enforcement in the years following the bombing, and then again following the September 11, 2001 attacks (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Oklahoma_City_bombing). The effect of the bombing on the city was immense--168 confirmed dead, including 19 children and one rescue worker and over 800 people injured. The bombing destroyed or damaged more than 300 buildings in the surrounding area (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Oklahoma_City_bombing). In the weeks following the bombing, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) response team at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building was provided with GIS data collection and analysis which included the generation of maps,Show MoreRelatedGeographic Information Systems ( Gis )1373 Words   |  6 PagesGeographic Information Systems (GIS) has had one of the biggest impacts on the discipline of modern day geography. Roger Tomlinson coined the term GIS in the early 1960s in Canada. Tomlinson defined GIS in its early days as a computer application designed to perform certain specific functions (Coppock et al; 1991). GIS is interdisciplinary in nature, having a distinctive role in geography. The application created for the Canada GIS department was designed to summarize and tabulate land inventoryRead MoreGeographic Information Systems (Gis)1081 Words   |  5 PagesThe term Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a term used to refer to a system installed in a computer capable of manipulating, assembling, displaying and storing information that has been geographically referenced. Large volumes of data are mapped, analyzed and modeled using a single database depending on their locations. In short, the software gives one power to create maps. Information such latitudes, longitudes, elevations and ZIP codes are fed into the system and the results can be used toRead MoreThe Geographic Information System ( Gis ) Essay1995 Words   |  8 Pageson the use of computers and computerised information, so much so that we rarely notice when an activity or action involves the use of technology. Over the past 30 years, technology has continued to develop into extremely complex systems capable of processing large amounts of data. It is now possible to represent not only numbers and letters, but also images, sounds and maps (Bernhardsen, 2002, p. 1). A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system or application designed to perform a varietyRead MoreGeographic Information Systems ( Gis )851 Words   |  4 Pagescan easily be generated by a computer, especially through using GIS (Geographic Information Systems) software. I have always been fascinated by maps, geography, and understanding how everything is arranged in the world. Since GIS allows for the creation of maps depicting the arrangements of an area in the world using geographic data, there is nothing else in this world I could be more passionate about. Geographic Information Systems pose many benefits to mankind. For instance, it has helped farmsRead MoreGis : An Abbreviation For Geographic Information Systems Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction GIS is an abbreviation for Geographic Information Systems. GIS is a perfect blend of geography and technology. People can accumulate various forms of location data (both tangible and intangible) and produce living, breathing maps. By utilizing the power of Geographic Information Systems, users can create powerful applications. These applications can range in size from being small (surveying a single farm) to large (displaying real time voting across the country in a presidential election)Read MoreHistory Of Geographic Information Systems ( Gis )1942 Words   |  8 PagesThe History of Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are a way that information can embedded into and retrieved from maps, today this is done using computers, because of the complexity of the information that can be used, but was once done manually. GIS has become common place in the modern world that we live in, they are useful for simple things such basic maps to much more complex tasks including research and statistics, city planning, as well as many more. OneRead MoreCrime Mapping : Using Gis And Geographic Information Systems Of University Of Nairobi4473 Words   |  18 PagesCRIME MAPPING IN KENYA: USING GIS TO EXAMINE CRIME SITUATION IN ELDORET METROPOLIS By CAROLINE JEPKEMBOI CHEPLONG A RESEARCH CONCEPT NOTE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFIMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI JULY, 2015 ABSTRACT Technological advancements such as Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) and the Internet have made it easier and affordable to share information, which enables complex and time sensitive decisionsRead MoreUsing Geographic Information System ( Gis )1004 Words   |  5 Pagesparameter instead of the subindex values. Given to difficulty of carrying out water quality studies as well as inaccessibility of some areas, hydrogeologists began to use Geographic Information System (GIS) to allow a better understanding of the water quality parameters (Selvam et al., 2013). Babiker et al., 2007 proposed a GIS-based GQI which water quality parameters were translated into a new index regarding the World Health Organization (WHO) standards using a statistical methodology. VariousRead MoreThe History Of Geographic Information Systems ( Gis )3922 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction: Recent research on interpolation of climatological and meteorological information with the support of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has shown that interpolation has a large development potential within climatology and meteorology. At the same time the demand for interpolated data products are increasing, numerical weather models are working at higher spatial resolutions and may be initiated by gridded data from observations. Interpolation is a method of getting new data fromRead MoreInformation On Geographic Information Science950 Words   |  4 Pages Geographic Information Science: It is the general term for mapping technologies which was used by different sectors and it was the foundation for Geographic Information Systems. It spatial data in the form of ïÆ'Ëœ Digital Maps ïÆ'Ëœ Digital Aerial Photos ïÆ'Ëœ Remotely sensed Imagery ïÆ'Ëœ Global positioning system Coordinates. These helps assess, plan and control many facets of society. Some Important characteristics Geographic Information. 1. It is often relatively static. †¢ Natural features and many human

Essay on Historiography of the Salem Witch Trials

The changing historiography of the Salem Witch Persecutions of 1692. How current/contemporary and historical interpretations of this event reflect the changing nature of historiography. The number of different interpretations of the Salem Witch Trials illustrates that historiography is ever changing. The historians, Hale, Starkey, Upham, Boyer and Nissenbaum, Caporal, Norton and Mattosian have all been fascinated by the trials in one way or another because they have all attempted to prove or disprove certain elements about the trials. By analysing their augments about the causes of the Salem Witch Crisis, it is evident that this historical event can be examined from a range of different perspectives and interpreted in a range of†¦show more content†¦Currently the most widely accepted view is that the cause of the trials, was due to fraud and hysteria. It is rarely debated that it was the girls diagnoses of being bewitched that was the catalyst for the trials so if it could be proved that the girls symptoms were fraudulent, then this could be easily be ascribed as the ‘cause of the trials. Charles Upham introduce, ascribes the afflicted children the ski lls of sophisticated actresses and ventriloquists. The girls, after long practice Upham explains, could go into fits and convulsions, swoon and fall to the floor, put their frames into strange contortions, bring blood to the face and send it back again#. According to Upham the girls deceived everybody in therms of their ‘illness leading to the crisis which it grew into. This interpretation, however, disregards the only true primary resource that exists in relation to the girls affliction, written by Hale in 1702. As stated above by Hale, the symptoms were impossible to do so themselves. So this proposition is not actually backed with historical sources. Despite this, a number of more contemporary historians support Uphams historical position. Marion Starkey introduce claims that the girls were no more seriously possessed than a pack of bobby-soxers on the loose#. Starkey agrees with Upham and suggests that the girls affliction were fraudulent as they craved the communitysShow Mo reRelatedEssay about From Rosie to Lucy747 Words   |  3 PagesColonial America Katrina Moreno HIS378: Historiography amp; Historical Methodologies Instructor: Stacy Manning November 26, 2012 Colonial America In the colonial American time periodRead MoreEncephalitis Lethargica vs Witchcraft in Salem993 Words   |  4 Pagesearly 1692 Salem village, Massachusetts began to experience strange occurrences among their residents. Victims suffered from strange mental and physical illnesses. The randomness of the victims, and their unusual symptoms, led residents to suspect a supernatural explanation. These suspicions eventually led to the infamous Salem Witch Trials. Past historians have concentrated their research on the accused, while Laurie Winn Carlson focuses on the afflicted in her novel, A Fever in Salem: A New InterpretationRead MoreSalem Witch Trial vs Mccarthyism1208 Words   |  5 PagesA review of A Fever in Salem: A New Interpretation of the New England Witch Trials, by Laurie Winn Carlson, Ivan R. Dee, Chicago, 2000; 224 pp. $14.95 Paperback. ISBN: 1-566633095 A FEVER IN SALEM POSITS A biological cause for the early modem witchcraft epidemic, which resulted in the hanging of 19 people in Salem, MA, in 1692. Witchcraft persecution, Laurie Carlson writes, arose because of the strange behavior of the supposedly bewitched accusers. She concludes that the cause was a disease unrecognizableRead MoreCarlo Ginzburgs Salem Possessed : The Social Origins Of Witchcraft?2004 Words   |  9 PagesWitch craft has been studied for hundreds of years and authors are still finding more and more information In Carlo Ginzburg’s work, The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century, he attempts to locate the origin of the of the benandanti and how they came to be tried in a similar fashion to witches in Friuli, Italy. The benandanti were a group that claimed that their spirits went to fight witches during certain times of the year. Ginzburg goes into greatRead MoreCarol Karlsen s The Devil1692 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Carol Karlsen s The Devil in the Shape of a Woman† Carol Karlsen s The Devil in the Shape of a Woman† was written to provide the reader with an understanding of the role of the â€Å"witch† in colonial New England. During the early colonial period, pilgrims lived in a male-dominated society and the classical witch hunts were conducted in an attempt to maintain this societal structure. Since these hunts were placed under a religious guise, it was simple for these individuals to act as if they wereRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : An Outbreak Of Hysteria1794 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1692, Salem village in Massachusetts saw an outbreak of hysteria, most commonly known today as the Salem witch trials. Over a period of several months, more than 200 people found themselves facing suspicions from those around them of witchcraft, with 19 executed, 14 arrested and many others who pleaded guilty pardoned but made social outcasts. Typically, the majority of those living in Salem were Puritans, who regarded all other activity exclu ding common Puritan practice as sinful distractionsRead MoreJournals of Puritans688 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Natives who lived there. In a remarkable admission of guilt, compassion, and self-awareness, Samuel Sewall presents the darker side of the Puritan religious sentiment. The Salem witch trials, over which he and several other judges presided, had proceeded as planned. Sewall realizes upon reflection that the witch trials were an abomination and a grave error; thereby revealing the growth of critical thought within the Puritan mind and heart. The willingness to learn and grow does in fact characterizeRead MoreSalem Witch Trials: Socioeconomics, Religion, and Fear2828 Words   |  12 PagesSIENA HEIGHTS UNIVERSITY THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS: SOCIOECONOMICS, RELIGION, AND FEAR A PAPER SUBMITTED TO SISTER JEANNE LEFEBVRE FOR HISTORIOGRAPHY AND METHODOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY NICHOLAS KNEZEVICH ADRIAN, MICHIGAN MAY 2006 Abstract The Salem Witch Trials were caused by socioeconomic problems that were intertwined with the fabric that held early American life together: religion. Puritanisms lack of set doctrine lent itself to the possibility of corrupt leadershipRead More Tim Burton’s Sleepy Hollow Essay3225 Words   |  13 Pages(or do not exist at all) in the original text. Instead of Irving’s emphasis on the power of local myths, Burton’s tale incorporates a greater national mythology of American history, incorporating fragments of the ideology of slavery and of the Salem witch trials into the film. In Burton’s adaption of â€Å"Sleepy Hollow,† an interesting historical commentary surfaces surrounding the topic of ideological control and slavery. Instead of examining figurative mental control, however, Burton translates ideology

Indian Premiere League Controversy Free Essays

Board of control for Cricket is the most powerful and most influential organization in the world of cricket. It is one of the richest sports organizations in the world. Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Premiere League Controversy or any similar topic only for you Order Now N Srinivasan came a long way starting as a cricket administrator in Tamil Nadu in 2001 to becoming President of Board of Control for Cricket in India in 2011. Indian Premier League is considered as the world’s show case for the T20 cricket. Eight teams will be participating in this tournament. An UK based consulting firm Brand Finance has valued it at 4. 3 billion US dollars in 2010. During N. Srinivasan term as president IPL has faced lot of controversies. Being the most powerful man in world of cricket administrators he refused to quit when his son in law was caught being involved in the purported illegal betting. He gradually worked his way to become the President of the most powerful board in the world of cricket. He has been charged with conflict of interest by owing an IPL franchise the Chennai Super Kings. He refused to resign from the president post after his son in law was caught for alleged illegal betting on the IPL matches. Former BCCI president AC Muthiah has filed a case in Supreme Court challenging the board rules that permits the BCCI officials to own an IPL franchises (Singh, 2013). Three players S Sreesanth, Ankeet Chavan and Ajit Chnadila from Rajasthan Royals were arrested for alleged spot fixing by Delhi police. Srinivasan clamorously said that the guilty will not be spared and was surprised and disappointed with the spot fixing events. Nobody expected his son in law Gurunath Meiyappan will be involved in the illegal betting allegations. Being in a responsible position, instead of stepping down as President on morality basis and this is one of the worst scandals of Indian Cricket he became argumentative and even criticized the media for going after him (Singh, 2013). The India Cements owner of Chennai Super Kings had issued a statement stating that Meiyappan is not a CEO of the company after he was subpoenaed by Mumbai Police and he is in anyway not related to the franchise. But twitter account status of Meiyappans’s said that he was the Team Principal of CSK, was titled as the owner of the franchise at a particular event , he was sitting in the player’s auction and was present in the dugout of CSK for all the matches where only the team management was allowed to be present in the dugout. So India Cements argument that he is not related to the franchise is absolutely false (Singh, 2013). He was involved in illegal betting of CSK matches too. This raises lot of questions as he may have passed the team combinations and planning to the bookies as he has access to all the players (Singh, 2013). If Srinivasan tries to brush off things and cover up the whole situation then BCCI will jeopardize the faith and entrust of millions of people who follow the game of cricket and where cricket is a religion in India. For the betterment of cricket, cricket lovers and inviolability of cricket in India Srinivasan must resign and ensure that all the guilty are served with the punishment. The other members of the board have resigned as they are not satisfied with the Srivasan’s decision and how he handled the situation (Singh, 2013). Source of Conflict: This conflict can be an example for Substantive conflict. This occurs when two or more organizational members disagree on their task or content issues. Conflict of values: This occurs when two social entities differ in their values or ideologies on certain issues (Druckman, Broome Korper, 1988). Srinivasan differs with the ideologies and values of the BCCI this can be recognized as conflict of values. Level of Analysis: This can be an example of Interpersonal conflict. It refers to conflict between two or more organizational members of the same or different hierarchical levels. This situation has created differences between the board members and the treasurer and other board members have resigned it can be classified as interpersonal conflict. References: Rahim, M. A. (2001). Managing conflict in organizations. Westport, Conn: Quorum Books. Druckman, D., Broome, B., Korper, S., (1988).  Value differences and conflict resolution: Facilitation or delinking?  Journal of Conflict Resolution, 32, 489 – 510.  Ã‚   Singh, M. (2013, may 26). IPL spot-fixing: Why N Srinivasan should quit as BCCI president. Retrieved July 7, 2013, from Zeenews.india.com: http://zeenews.india.com/blog/ipl-spot-fixing-why-n-srinivasan-should-quit-as How to cite Indian Premiere League Controversy, Papers